Implant Abutment
When considering dental implants, most people focus on the visible parts of the implant, the crown or the bridge, which restores the missing tooth. But there’s a critical component that works behind the scenes to ensure the success of the entire implant. This is the implant abutment. If you're planning for dental implants, understanding the role of the abutment can help you feel more confident in your treatment. Read on to learn more about what you should know.
What Is an Implant Abutment?
An implant abutment is a small device that connects the dental implant fixture. The implant fixture is embedded in the jawbone, and the abutment connects it to the crown, bridge, or denture that completes your restoration. The abutment plays an important role by acting as a stable base that supports the prosthetic tooth and also helps guide the gum tissue to heal properly around the new tooth.
Abutments are typically made from durable materials such as titanium, stainless steel, gold, or zirconia. Titanium abutments are widely used because of their excellent strength and biocompatibility. This makes them a good fit for a variety of implant cases. Zirconia abutments are often selected for visible areas of the mouth due to their tooth-colored appearance, which helps achieve a more natural look.
Types of Implant Abutments
Implant abutments fall into two main categories: prefabricated or stock and custom-made. Prefabricated abutments come in standard sizes and shapes and are usually provided by the implant manufacturer. These are commonly used in cases where the implant placement allows for a straightforward connection.
Custom-made abutments are designed specifically for the individual patient. These are crafted after the dentist takes an impression or digital scan of the implant and surrounding tissues. Custom abutments are especially useful in cases where precise fit and aesthetics are a priority, such as implants placed in the front of the mouth.
Attachment Methods
The way the crown or denture is attached to the abutment can vary. One common method is to cement it together. This is where the crown is secured to the abutment using dental cement. This approach offers a smooth, natural appearance but requires careful attention to prevent excess cement from irritating the gums.
Another option is a screw-retained crown, where the crown is fixed to the abutment with a small screw. This method allows for easier maintenance and future adjustments.
For implant-supported dentures, special retainer abutments are used. These abutments feature a male-adapter that connects with a matching female-adapter inside the denture. This setup allows the denture to remain secure while still being removable for cleaning and maintenance.
Choosing the Right Abutment
Selecting the correct abutment involves considering several factors, including the location of the implant, the type of restoration, and the forces that the implant will need to withstand. For implants placed in areas with high biting forces, such as the molars, dentists often choose stronger metal abutments. In contrast, for implants in highly visible areas, zirconia is usually chosen for its aesthetic benefits.
If you are preparing for dental implants, speak with your dentist to learn more about which abutment type and material are best suited for your individual needs and long-term success.