Dentures vs Implants
When evaluating ways to replace one or more lost teeth, patients have a few options to choose from including dentures and dental implants. Which restoration option is ultimately chosen, will depend on factors such as price, preference, and overall oral health.
Since dentures and dental implants both have their advantages and disadvantages, it is important to properly discuss the two restorations with a dentist prior to treatment. In addition, other types of restorations, such as dental bridges, should also be evaluated to determine which treatment is most suitable.
Dentures and dental implants are designed with the same purposes in mind, including:
- Makes it possible to chew food that otherwise could not be
- Supports the muscles of the face
- Improving speech
- Create a more aesthetically pleasing smile
- Improve self-esteem and reduce self-consciousness about appearance
Although they share these similarities, the two restoration options have significant differences. This article will examine the various advantages and disadvantages of both options so that patients can make better informed decisions about their care.
Comparison of the Procedures
Dentures
Removable devices that can be fitted to the mouth, dentures do not require a specific amount of jawbone to support them. Dentures can be partial, and replace a few teeth, or full, and replace an entire set of upper or lower teeth.
To obtain dentures, an initial consultation with a dentist will first be necessary. During this visit, the dentist will take impressions of the patient’s teeth upon which the denture will be custom made. Additionally, the dentist will evaluate the patient’s bite and jaw alignment to make sure the denture will not restrict chewing or speech.
Based on the dental impressions, an initial set of dentures are crafted in a laboratory and then sent to the dentist. The denture is then placed in the patient’s mouth and adjustments are made to ensure proper alignment prior to the final, permanent denture being made. Made to look like natural gums and teeth, dentures are generally held in place using special adhesives that bind them with the gums.
Dental Implants
Unlike dentures that simply lay on top of the patient’s gums, dental implants are screwed directly into the jawbone for support. The small metal implant posts function as replacement tooth roots and allow a prosthetic false tooth to be mounted on top. With almost a half million Americans undergoing the procedure annually, dental implants are rapidly growing in popularity.
Surgery is required to place dental implants. The procedure begins by removing any remaining root left behind from the lost tooth or teeth. After the roots are cleared out of the way, holes are drilled into the jawbone and small metal implants are placed in the bone. A connecting piece, called an abutment, is place on the metal posts and ultimately, a replacement crown is mounted to the abutment.
The entire implant process can take several months because a healing period is needed after placing the implants during which the jawbone and device fuse together. The fusion process, called osseointegration, can take a few months until the implant post is able to support the abutment and crown. In some cases, the implant and abutment are placed simultaneously. The process is completed when the replacement crown is mounted. Because the crowns are held securely in place and are designed to match surrounding teeth, they look and function like natural teeth.
Comparison of Cost
Dental implants tend to be more expensive when compared to other treatment options like dentures and dental bridges. Although cost is influenced by the type of implant used, where the dentist is located, and other factors, the American Dental Association (ADA) indicates that dental implants range in cost from $1,600 to $2,200 per tooth. If several teeth, or an entire set of lower or upper teeth, need replacement, the price can surpass $20,000. Alternatively, ADA data shows that the cost of a complete set of upper or lower dentures runs about $1,600.
Maintenance Comparison
Since they are permanently secured directly into the jaw just like natural teeth, oral hygiene routines with dental implants are similar to what patients normally practice. This includes daily flossing between teeth, brushing twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush, and visiting the dentist every six months for routine checkups and cleanings. If properly cared for, dental implants can last a patient’s lifetime.
In comparison, dentures have a more thorough daily maintenance requirement necessary to maximize their longevity. Dentures should be taken out before sleeping and soaked in water or a cleaning solution overnight. Daily cleaning of dentures is also necessary, and they should be removed after eating for brushing. Any remaining dental adhesive may also need to be brushed from the gums.
Because a person’s bite changes over time, dentures will require periodic refitting to maintain proper alignment and fit. Although dental implant posts are permanent and can last a lifetime, the replacement crowns can break and need replacement.
Possible Complications of the Devices
While dental implants are generally safe and effective for replacing lost teeth, like any procedure, complications can occur. The most common complications are mechanical issues (loose posts or cracked crowns), infections, and implant failure (about 5-10% of cases).
Complications commonly associated with dentures include:
- Dentures shift or move out of place
- Development of irritation or sores on the gums
- Changes in facial symmetry and muscle structures
Other Considerations
- Age: There are no age minimums or maximums to be a candidate for dental implants. Because the restoration is permanent, it may be more appealing to younger patients. Elderly patients or those that do not want to undergo surgery, may prefer dentures.
- Bone Density: Because they require sufficient jawbone to support them, dental implants may not be suitable for patients that have lost bone because of age, tooth loss, gum disease, or injury.
- Function and Feel: Because of their design and direct interaction with the jawbone, dental implants offer a more natural look, feel, and function compared to dentures. Whereas dentures can shift out of place, dental implant patients can talk and eat more confidently knowing the devices will remain in place.